Written by Laura – Resident Baby Nurse at Choice Pharmacy
What is an allergy?
Allergies are described as a reaction to something in the environment. ‘Allergens’ are what we call the cause of allergies.
Things that might cause allergies include:-
- Dust mites
- Food
- Medicines
- Pollens
- Insect bites/stings
- Animals
Allergens cause the immune system to release ‘histamine’ and other substances within the body. This reaction causes an allergic reaction.
Allergic reactions- what are they?
Allergic reactions can happen immediately or within minutes of the contact. Occasionally it can take 1-2 hours. There might be a longer period of time causing a delayed reaction. It might even take a few days to display symptoms. Some foods can cause an irritation to the skin around the mouth but this is a skin reaction known as an immune response/dermatitis.
Mild-moderate allergic reactions may display as:-
- Rash/hives or welts
- Swelling might occur in the face/ eyes or lips
- Itchy mouth/tingling
- Worse symptoms of eczema/asthma
- Vomiting pain and/or diarrhoea
When the reaction occurs- take a photo and check in with your GP. The GP will determine the plan of action if the reaction happens again. Occasionally they might refer for an allergy test. Keep in mind that following reactions after the first reaction may not be as mild. Always have a non-drowsy antihistamine available. Antihistamines are available from 6 months of age.
Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)may display as:-
- Breathing is compromised
- Wheeze/cough
- Swelling of the tongue
- Swelling and/or tightness of the throat
- Dizziness and possibility of fainting
- Pale/floppy
- Vomiting/stomach pain – insect sting associated
If anaphylaxis is evident- call 000 and also administer adrenaline EpiPen as directed.
Differences between an allergy or intolerance with food reactions.
Food allergy and food intolerance can present with similar symptoms. Allergies involve the immune system and intolerance does not. Allergic reaction can happen with the smallest amount of food and an intolerance can tolerate a normal amount of the food but if they are exposed to too much they may become unwell. For example-lactose intolerance.
How can we avoid allergic reactions and anaphylaxis?
Prevention is definitely the key to avoid reactions. Children need to be taught to not share/swap foods. Washing hands before and after meals/snacks. Any meals outside of the home should let the host/restaurant know of allergies. At parties, it’s better to provide their own food to prevent reactions.
Schools/ childcare and preschools have policies in place to prevent allergic reactions. Staff have the training if required of any reactions. They will also include:-
- Food sharing and treats
- Serving of food and it’s preparation
- Art/craft/cooking
- Excursions/camp
Resources that are available to help with allergic reactions/anaphylaxis:-
You can book our Baby Nurse for in-store consultation online.
Free Baby Nurse Service is available at Box Hill, Colebee, Eastern Creek & North Kellyville Store.